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Friday, 17 March 2017
Sunday, 19 February 2017
Friday, 17 February 2017
Govt of punjab primary and secondry Health care jobs
Govt of punjab primary and secondry Health care departments jobs
Diphtheriais the disease mostly in children. Communities are requested to get their children vaccina
Friday, 3 February 2017
fpsc job of documentation officer
fpsc job of documentation officer
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Thursday, 2 February 2017
Nuclear physics solved mcqs for ajkpsc,fpsc,Nts
solved mcqs of nuclear physics for ajkpsc,fpsc,Nts and all other ompetitve exam
- 1) Each alpha particle has four time the mass of.........hydrogen nuclus
- 2) The charge on alpha particle is................................+2e
- 3) the charge on beta particle is.................................... -e
- 4) Ionization produced by beta particle shows..............zigzag path
- 5) gamma rays consist of..............................................radiation similar to x-rays
- 6) Geiger counter is a device to detect......................... radiation
- 7) geiger counter cannot be used for............................. fast counting
- 8) a cloud chamber uses................................................. super saturated vapour
- 9) Geiger counter can be used for................................... slow counting
- 10) a solid state detector mainly consist of a .................. silicon diode
- 11) skin cancer is cured by ............................................... beta particle
- 12) The half life of organ is ............................................. 1.3 billion years
- 13) The binding energy of helium is ................................. 28.2 Mev
- 14) First atomic reactor was designed by ............................ Fermi
- 15) Atom bomb depend upon the process of ....................... Fusion
- 16) Energy emitted from sun is due to ................................. Fusion process
- 17) Gamma rays are similar to .............................................. X-rays
Wednesday, 7 December 2016
Solar Energy Conversion Techniques//http://khawaja92.blogspot.com
Solar Energy Conversion Techniques
Photovoltaic
Overview of world energy, Options for harnessing solar energy and their respective current and projected costs/potential, compared to traditional sources. Fundamentals of photoelectric conversion: charge excitation, conduction, separation, and collection. Commercial and emerging photovoltaic (PV) technologies. Cross-cutting themes in PV: conversion efficiencies, loss mechanisms, characterization, manufacturing, systems, reliability, life-cycle analysis, risk analysis. Photovoltaic technology evolution in the context of markets, policies, society, and environment.
Charge excitation and conduction
How light is converted to electricity. Direct and indirect semiconductor bandgaps. Optical properties of semiconductors. Introduction to intrinsic, doped semiconductors, conjugated polymers. Minority carrier mobility, lifetime, diffusion length. Charge excitation in non-semiconducting materials. Conduction, dispersive hopping.
Charge separation
How voltage, current are formed. Minority-carrier devices: semiconductor pn-junctions. IV curves. Majority-carrier devices (organics). Quantum-size effects of charge separation.
Charge collection, and the solar cell device
Metallization. Solar cell device architectures. Common limitations of efficiency, short-circuit current, fill factor, open-circuit voltage.
Commercial technologies-I
Crystalline silicon solar cells, Crystal growth: ingot silicon, ribbon and sheet silicon. Wafering. Cell fabrication: methods, architectures, concepts. History, state-of-the-art. Emerging trends, cutting-edge technology. Role of innovation.
Commercial technologies-II
Thin Films: thin film silicon (incl. amorphous, SiGe, micromorph, tandem cells), cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium diselenide. Precursors. Deposition processes and technologies. Other technologies: concentrator devices and materials, heterojunction devices, photovoltaic thermal.
Photovoltaic
Overview of world energy, Options for harnessing solar energy and their respective current and projected costs/potential, compared to traditional sources. Fundamentals of photoelectric conversion: charge excitation, conduction, separation, and collection. Commercial and emerging photovoltaic (PV) technologies. Cross-cutting themes in PV: conversion efficiencies, loss mechanisms, characterization, manufacturing, systems, reliability, life-cycle analysis, risk analysis. Photovoltaic technology evolution in the context of markets, policies, society, and environment.
Charge excitation and conduction
How light is converted to electricity. Direct and indirect semiconductor bandgaps. Optical properties of semiconductors. Introduction to intrinsic, doped semiconductors, conjugated polymers. Minority carrier mobility, lifetime, diffusion length. Charge excitation in non-semiconducting materials. Conduction, dispersive hopping.
Charge separation
How voltage, current are formed. Minority-carrier devices: semiconductor pn-junctions. IV curves. Majority-carrier devices (organics). Quantum-size effects of charge separation.
Charge collection, and the solar cell device
Metallization. Solar cell device architectures. Common limitations of efficiency, short-circuit current, fill factor, open-circuit voltage.
Commercial technologies-I
Crystalline silicon solar cells, Crystal growth: ingot silicon, ribbon and sheet silicon. Wafering. Cell fabrication: methods, architectures, concepts. History, state-of-the-art. Emerging trends, cutting-edge technology. Role of innovation.
Commercial technologies-II
Thin Films: thin film silicon (incl. amorphous, SiGe, micromorph, tandem cells), cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium diselenide. Precursors. Deposition processes and technologies. Other technologies: concentrator devices and materials, heterojunction devices, photovoltaic thermal.
emperature at surface the sun is about 6000K.
Power density 5.961 × 107 W.m−2 at its surface the sun
Power density 1353 W.m−2 in Earth orbit, at distance of 150 × 106km
Power density 1000 W.m−2 at the Earth’s surface.
The exact figure for the solar power density depends on
latitude,
season,
climatic conditions
and albedo of the surroundings.
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